Triggered abilities are put on the stack in turn order, starting with the player whose turn it is. For example, if an opponent discards a card with madness during your turn, the madness trigger will resolve before Tourach's ability can put a +1/+1 counter on it. If they discard it during their turn, Tourach's ability puts a +1/+1 counter on it before they can cast the spell.

To determine a spell's total cost, start with the mana cost (or an alternative cost if another card's effect allows you to pay one instead), add any cost increases (such as kicker), then apply any cost reductions. The spell's mana value remains unchanged, no matter what the total cost to cast it was.

If a card or token enters as a copy of a permanent, the new permanent isn't kicked, even if the original was.

If you copy a kicked spell on the stack, the copy is also kicked. If the copied spell is a permanent spell, the token the copy of that spell becomes when it enters is also kicked.

The kicker ability doesn't let you pay a kicker cost more than once.

If you put a permanent with a kicker ability onto the battlefield without casting it, you can't kick it.

If a spell's kicker cost was paid, the spell is "kicked."